Affirmative Action - At California law schools, where affirmative action in admissions is now prohibited, African-Americans were 6.65% of the enrolled population before the ban, and now comprise a mere 2.25% of the enrolled population. p. 45-46

Juvenile Life Without Parole - In California, the rate at which children of color are sentenced to life without parole, vis-à-vis white children, is 20 to 1. p. 85

Disparate Impact of Criminal Justice Policies - "Three strikes" laws generally require that felons found guilty of a third serious crime be incarcerated for a minimum of 25 years to life. In California, although the first two "strikes" are required to be serious or violent felonies, the crime that triggers the life sentence can be any felony. Nearly 75% of second and third strikes within California are for non-violent offenses. California "now has 8,000 people serving sentences of 25 years to life, nearly half of whom were convicted of a property or drug crime as their third strike." Furthermore, African-Americans are given third-strike life sentences at a rate nearly 13 times the rate of whites, and the Latino incarceration rate is a staggering 82% more than whites. African-Americans are 6.5% of the population, but they make up 45% of third strikers. p. 86-87

Disparate Rates of Minority Confinement - In California, African-American youth are incarcerated at a rate 6 times greater than white youth, and Latino youth and Native American youth are incarcerated at rates 2 and 1.4 times greater than white youth, respectively. p. 87-88

Capital Punishment - In California, while 27.6% of murder victims are white, 82% of executions have been for those convicted of killing whites. Moreover, those who kill whites are over three times more likely to be sentenced to death than those who kill African-Americans and four times more likely to be sentenced to death than those who kill Latinos. p. 108

Racial Discrimination in Schools - Compared to schools attended by mostly white students, schools with a high concentration of African-American and Latino students are - 11 times more likely to have a high percentage of under-qualified teachers; 73% more likely to have evidence of cockroaches, rats or mice; 74% more likely to lack textbooks for students to use for homework; More than 3 times more likely to report that teacher turnover is a serious problem; And Twice as likely that teachers rate the working conditions in their school as "only fair" or "poor." p. 142

Racial Re-Segregation of Public Schools - In California, the vast majority of African-American students attend majority-minority schools. Attempts to alter this have met with legal challenges citing the controversial Proposition 209. p. 145

Naturalization Delays - In California, persons seeking citizenship face year-long delays. These actions constitute a baseless denial of due process rights as well as a prevention of full enfranchisement and the benefits to which individuals would be entitled. p. 111

Violence Against Migrants - During the October 2007 California fires, hundreds of reports have emerged that undocumented immigrants and homeless evacuees were denied emergency services and shelter because they could not provide proper identity documents. p. 113-114

Racial Profiling - Although a consent decree exists between the U.S. and the City of Los Angeles to reform the LAPD by eradicating the practice of racial profiling, black motorists were more than six times more likely to be asked to submit to a search. p. 60-61

Anti-Immigrant Ordinance - In May 2006, a ballet measure was introduced in San Bernardino, California which sought to (1) deny city money and permits to businesses that employ undocumented immigrants; (2) allow local police to seize the automobiles used by employers to pick up day laborers; (3) ban the ability of undocumented immigrants to rent property; and (4) require that all city business take place in English only. p. 74

Police Brutality - In San Diego, California, African-Americans and Latinos were twice as likely to be tasered than whites. p 120

Disparities in School Discipline - In Bishop, California, the California ACLU learned of pervasive discrimination, harassment and excessive force against Native American students in the Bishop Unified Elementary School District. For example, for school years 2000-2006, while Native American students were about 17% of the student population, they were almost 67% of those suspended for being "disrespectful/argumentative." p. 147

Government Discrimination against Undocumented Workers - In the wake of the Hoffman Plastic case, California has restricted the rights of undocumented workers. p. 134-137