Affirmative Action - A statewide ballot measure recently passed in Michigan banning the use of affirmative action policies in state and local government. p. 45-46

Indigent Defense - More than one third of all assigned defense counsel seek to be removed from the rosters each year, leaving inexperienced attorneys to represent defendants and "[i]n some areas, attorneys' fees have been cut by 10 percent and are at 1970 levels…often paid months late." p. 51

Juvenile Life Without Parole - Of the around 307 individuals are serving life without parole for crimes committed as juveniles, the majority of which are minority youth, including 211 African-American children. p. 85-86

Disparities in School Discipline - In Michigan, black youth account for approximately 20% of the student population as a whole but 39% of expelled students. p. 147

Disparate Rates of Minority Confinement - Between 1980 and 2000, African-American men were added to Michigan's prisons at 13 times the rate they were added to Michigan's colleges. p. 177, n. 134

Police Brutality - The ACLU of Michigan has filed suit alleged that two white police officers were routinely detaining and conducting public cavity searches of young black men in Detroit. p. 125

Criminalization of School Discipline - Detroit police conducted unlawful, random searches of public school students, including at least one incident of strip searches of students, until the ACLU of Michigan filed a lawsuit that resulted in a settlement stopping the practice. p. 149

Government Discrimination against Undocumented Workers - In the wake of the Hoffman Plastic case, California has restricted the rights of undocumented workers. p. 134-137