Affirmative Action - As affirmative action is prohibited in Texas law schools, African-American and Latino, enrollment has decreased significantly. p. 45
Indigent Defense - Poor defendants must rely on court-appointed attorneys, who often do not vigorously defend their clients and instead seek quick plea bargains. p. 53-54
Disparate Rates of Minority Confinement - Texas incarcerates African-Americans and Latinos at startlingly disproportionate rates. The disproportion is exacerbated when one examines the incarceration rates for drug use and delivery offenses. p. 80-82
Conditions of Confinement - A U.S. Justice Department investigation found negligent health care and unsanitary conditions at the Dallas county jail. Eleven inmate deaths at the jail were identified as preventable had basic jail health standards been followed. p. 93-94
Capital Punishment - Texas has executed over one-third of the 1,089 inmates executed since the 1976 reinstatement of the death penalty, more than any other state. Of the inmates executed since 1976 across the country, 78% of their victims were white, Texas significantly contributing to this trend. Over 40% of Texas' death row population is African-American. p. 103-107
Racial Re-Segregation of Public Schools - Re-segregation of public schools has affected African-American students in Texas the most severely. p. 144
Disparities in School Discipline - More than 81% of Texas prison inmates are high-school dropouts, and 31% of youth in juvenile prisons were not in school before they entered custody, disparately affecting African-American youth. Additionally, Texas leads the nation in the number of kids given corporal punishment in schools. p. 148-149
Criminalization of School Discipline - Many school arrests are not for violent behavior—rather, 17% were for disruptive behavior and 26% for disorderly conduct. p. 149
Involuntary Transfers to "Alternative Schools" - The Texas Safe Schools Act has led to involuntary transfers to substandard alternative schools, 80% of which are due to non-violent offenses. Alternative schools have dropout rates five times as high as regular schools, and African-American students are largely overrepresented at these schools. p. 153-154
Racial Profiling - The city of Irving, Texas implemented a program that allowed law enforcement to screen all arrestees for immigration status and refer them to ICE. This has led to increased profiling of Latino residents, forcing many Latinos to leave the area. p. 77
Immigration Detention - Children - As demonstrated in the case concerning the Hutto facility in Taylor, Texas, infants and children are confined in converted prison facilities and deprived of adequate education, medical, and mental health services, nutrition and exercise. p. 100-102
Violence Against Migrants - Border Patrol agents in El Paso shot two men attempting to cross illegally, one fatally, during the summer of 2007. Others have been implicated in sexual violence against women immigrants. p. 112-113
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