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June 2000
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Jessica files a federal lawsuit against Castle Rock based on the Police Department\'s failure to enforce her protective order. Jessica says that the Police Department violated her constitutional rights under the Due Process Clause.
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January 2001
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The Colorado district court dismisses her case, and Jessica appeals the decision.
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October 2002
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A three-judge panel of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals reverses the district court, and holds that Colorado\'s mandatory arrest law entitled Jessica to police enforcement of her protective order, and that the police could not arbitrarily deprive Jessica of this entitlement. Castle Rock asks that all of the judges of the Tenth Circuit reconsider this decision, not just the three-judge panel.
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February 6, 2003
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The Tenth Circuit grants Castle Rock\'s request that the case be heard by the entire Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals.
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April 2004
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The Tenth Circuit again rules that Jessica has an entitlement to have her protective order enforced and that the Constitution does not permit the Castle Rock police to strip her of this entitlement arbitrarily. Castle Rock appeals this decision.
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November 1, 2004
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The United States Supreme Court agrees to hear the case.
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February 2005
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The ACLU files a friend-of-the-court brief and oversees the filing of eight others on Jessica\'s behalf. 115 groups and individuals, from domestic violence organizations to police officers associations and international law scholars, line up in support of Jessica.
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March 25, 2005
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The United States Supreme Court hears oral arguments.
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June 27, 2005
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The Supreme Court issues its decision that Jessica Gonzales did not have a due process right to police enforcement of her protective order.
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December 23, 2005
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The ACLU files a petition on behalf of Jessica before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) requesting that they review her case. The petition urges the IACHR to conclude that the United States failed to protect the rights of Jessica and her daughters under the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man.
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June 2006
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The ACLU submits a shadow report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UNHRC) as part of its review of U.S. compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). It addresses police failure to take domestic violence seriously and the courts\' failure to provide a remedy for police inaction.
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July 2006
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Jessica joins an ACLU delegation attending the Geneva session of the UNHRC to review U.S. compliance with the ICCPR. Jessica appears on a panel, Voices of Victims, and tells her story. While there, Jessica also meets with staff of the United Nations\' Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women. The Special Rapporteur agrees to take up Jessica\'s case and present it to the United States for response. The high level communication is expected to be included in the Special Rapporteur\'s report to the United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights in Spring 2007.
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September 2006
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The United States submits to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights its Response to Jessica\'s Petition, and for the first time, the merits of Jessica\'s claims are addressed. The United States argues that it has taken all reasonable steps to effectively combat domestic violence. The United States further asserts that the judicial system provides adequate remedies for victims of domestic violence whose protective orders are not enforced.
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December 12, 2006
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The ACLU requests a hearing on the petition during the Spring 2007 session of the IACHR.
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February 6, 2007
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The IACHR agrees to hear Jessica\'s petition.
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March 2, 2007
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Jessica gets a chance to tell her story to the international community before the IACHR.
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May 2007
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ACLU submits Observations Regarding March 2 Hearing.
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October 5, 2007
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The IACHR issues a decision that it can hear Jessica\'s case.
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March 24, 2008
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The ACLU submits a merits brief to the IACHR.
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October 22, 2008
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The IACHR holds a hearing on the merits of the Petition. Jessica, expert witness Jeffrey Fagan (Co-Director of the Columbia Law School Center for Crime, Community and Law), and others testify.
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