Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
195
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 44%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
3.6 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 100%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
America's Addiction to Juvenile Incarceration: State by State
On any given day, nearly 60,000 youth under age 18 are incarcerated in juvenile jails and prisons in the United States. For each state, this map shows the number of youth incarcerated per 100,000 people. These rates vary widely. But in every state, confining young people – cutting them off from their families, disrupting their educations, and often exposing them to further trauma and violence – harms their development and has lifelong negative consequences.
By clicking on a state, you’ll find additional statistics, such as the total number of youth incarcerated and whether this number increased or decreased between 1997 and 2013. You’ll also see a breakdown of the state’s racial and ethnic disparities in youth incarceration, as well as the age at which the state automatically prosecutes a young person as an adult.
Map Data:
Show map dataAlaska
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Alabama
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
810
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 52%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.5 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
41
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 61%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Arkansas
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
579
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 4%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.5 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
14
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 51%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Arizona
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
840
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 55%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
1.8 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
58
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 59%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
California
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
7917
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 60%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.9 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 100%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Colorado
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
804
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 51%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.1 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
1
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 96%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Connecticut
0-75 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
279
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 59%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
8.3 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
88
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 83%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
District of Columbia
301+ per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
222
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 16%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
n/a
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
n/a
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Delaware
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
159
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 49%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.3 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
7
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 65%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Florida
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
2088
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 65%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
1.6 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
144
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 75%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Georgia
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
1494
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 59%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
92
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 39%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
17
Hawaii
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
81
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 40%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
n/a
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 100%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Iowa
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
735
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 31%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
3.5 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
15
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Up 66%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Idaho
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
450
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Up 85%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
1.7 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
17
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Up 70%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Illinois
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
1617
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 53%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.5 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
68
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 58%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Indiana
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
1581
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 37%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.2 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
32
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 64%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Kansas
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
885
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 29%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
1.8 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
n/a
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Kentucky
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
774
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 28%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
3.5 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
14
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
n/a
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Louisiana
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
771
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 72%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.1 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
23
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 74%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
17
Massachusetts
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
393
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 63%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
5.7 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
3
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 77%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Maryland
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
708
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 53%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.3 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
22
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 71%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Maine
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
162
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 49%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
3.1 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
n/a
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Michigan
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
1638
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 56%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.2 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
73
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 65%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
17
Minnesota
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
867
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 43%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
7 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
13
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 59%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Missouri
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
1053
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 25%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
13
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 88%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
17
Mississippi
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
243
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 68%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
6.7 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
8
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 95%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Montana
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
150
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 50%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
3.8 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
1
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 99%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
North Carolina
0-75 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
543
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 55%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
5 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
68
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 82%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
16
North Dakota
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
171
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 37%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.9 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
n/a
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Nebraska
301+ per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
411
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 45%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.2 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
15
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 48%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
New Hampshire
0-75 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
78
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 58%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.7 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
n/a
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
New Jersey
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
888
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 61%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.4 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
8
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 77%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
New Mexico
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
402
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 48%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.7 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 100%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Nevada
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
585
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 32%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
1.7 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
13*
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
n/a
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
New York
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
1650
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 65%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
3.6 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
131
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 59%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
16
Ohio
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
2283
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 47%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.2 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
20
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 87%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Oklahoma
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
498
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 38%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.8 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
4
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 91%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Oregon
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
1086
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 26%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 100%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Pennsylvania
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
2745
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 31%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
7.1 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
28
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 71%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Rhode Island
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
159
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 63%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.8 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
no change
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
South Carolina
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
609
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 62%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
3.9 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
27
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 87%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
17
South Dakota
301+ per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
333
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 37%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.2 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
n/a
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Tennessee
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
618
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 71%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.3 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
8
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 78%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Texas
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
4329
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 37%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.3 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
69
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 75%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
17
Utah
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
612
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 20%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
3 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
1
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 95%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Virginia
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
1563
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 46%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
4.1 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
9
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 89%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Vermont
0-75 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
27
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 44%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2 to1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
2
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 87%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Washington
76-150 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
1014
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 54%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
2.2 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
24
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 77%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Wisconsin
151-225 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
816
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 59%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
6.6 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
27
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Up 23%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
17
West Virginia
226-300 per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
462
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Up 16%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
3.4 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
n/a
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18
Wyoming
301+ per 100,000 Youth Incarceration Rate
Number of Youth in Juvenile Facilities (2013):
165
Change in Youth Incarceration Rate (1997-2013):
Down 51%
Ratio of Rates of Youth of Color to White Youth in Custody (2011):
1.7 to 1
Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (2013):
0
Change in Number of Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons (1998-2013)
Down 100%
Age of Criminal Responsibility:
18