
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream Surveillance
What's at Stake
The ACLU is challenging the constitutionality of the NSA’s mass interception and searching of Americans’ international Internet communications. At issue is the NSA’s “Upstream” surveillance, through which the U.S. government systematically monitors private emails, messages, and other data flowing into and out of the country on the Internet’s central arteries. The ACLU’s lawsuit was brought on behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation and eight legal, human rights, and media organizations, which together engage in trillions of sensitive communications and have been harmed by Upstream surveillance.
Summary
Although the government has publicly revealed a great deal of information about Upstream surveillance, it invoked “state secrets” to have the case dismissed after years of litigation in the lower courts. In August 2022, the ACLU, Knight Institute, and Cooley LLP filed a petition urging the Supreme Court to hear the case and hold that the state secrets privilege does not permit dismissal given the extensive public evidence. The petition is currently pending before the Supreme Court.
The original plaintiffs in the lawsuit included: Wikimedia Foundation, The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International USA, PEN American Center, Global Fund for Women, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, and The Washington Office on Latin America. These plaintiffs’ sensitive communications have been copied, searched, and likely retained by the NSA. Upstream surveillance hinders the plaintiffs’ ability to ensure the basic confidentiality of their communications with crucial contacts abroad – among them journalists, colleagues, clients, victims of human rights abuses, and the tens of millions of people who read and edit Wikipedia pages.
Upstream surveillance, which the government claims is authorized by the Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act, is designed to ensnare all of Americans’ international communications, including emails, web-browsing content, and search engine queries. With the help of companies like Verizon and AT&T, the NSA has installed surveillance devices on the internet “backbone” – the network of high-capacity cables, switches, and routers across which Internet traffic travels.
The NSA intercepts and copies private communications in bulk while they are in transit, and then searches their contents using tens of thousands of keywords associated with NSA targets. These targets, chosen by intelligence analysts, are never approved by any court, and the limitations that do exist are weak and riddled with exceptions.
Under Section 702, the NSA may target any foreigner outside the United States believed likely to communicate “foreign intelligence information” – a pool of potential targets so broad that it encompasses journalists, academic researchers, corporations, aid workers, business persons, and others who are not suspected of any wrongdoing.
Through its general, indiscriminate searches and seizures of the plaintiffs’ communications, Upstream surveillance invades their Fourth Amendment right to privacy, infringes on their First Amendment rights to free expression and association, and exceeds the statutory limits of Section 702 itself. The nature of plaintiffs’ work and the law’s permissive guidelines for targeting make it likely that the NSA is also retaining and reading their communications.
The ACLU filed an earlier challenge to surveillance conducted under Section 702 – Clapper v. Amnesty – in 2008. In a 5-4 vote, the Supreme Court dismissed the case on the grounds that the plaintiffs could not prove they had been spied on. Edward Snowden has said that the ruling contributed to his decision to expose the breadth of NSA surveillance in June 2013. Among his disclosures was Upstream surveillance, the existence of which was later confirmed by the government.
After Wikimedia and its co-plaintiffs filed this challenge in 2015, the case was initially dismissed in the district court, only to be reversed in part by the Fourth Circuit court of appeals. Wikimedia was permitted to go forward and relied on the extensive public evidence about Upstream surveillance to show that some of its trillions of communications are being seized and searched by the NSA. However, the district court dismissed the case again in 2018 based on the government’s claims that further litigation was barred by the “state secrets privilege.” On appeal a second time, a divided Fourth Circuit upheld the district court’s dismissal, ruling that although Wikimedia had presented public evidence that its communications are subject to Upstream surveillance, further litigation could expose state secrets. In August 2022, Wikimedia filed a petition for certiorari with the Supreme Court.
Our clients advocate for human and civil rights, unimpeded access to knowledge, and a free press. Their work is essential to a functioning democracy. When their sensitive and privileged communications are monitored by the U.S. government, they cannot work freely and their effectiveness is curtailed – to the detriment of Americans and others around the world. In the face of the government’s claims of secrecy, the Supreme Court should make clear that NSA surveillance is not beyond the reach of our public courts.
Legal Documents
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01/24/2023
Reply Brief for Petitioner -
01/06/2023
Respondents' Brief in Opposition -
02/06/2023
Wikimedia v. NSA: Amicus Briefs in Support of Petitioner -
- Brennan Center for Justice, Clause 40 Foundation, Due Process Institute, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Electronic Privacy Information Center, FreedomWorks Foundation, the Project for Privacy and Surveillance Accountability, and TechFreedom
- Professor Laura K. Donohue
- Former Federal Judges
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsBrennan Center for Justice, Clause 40 Foundation, Due Process Institute, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Electronic Privacy Information Center, FreedomWorks Foundation, the Project for Privacy and Surveillance Accountability, and TechFreedomDownload DocumentDate Filed: 09/30/2022
Court: Supreme Court (U.S.)
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsProfessor Laura K. DonohueDownload DocumentDate Filed: 09/29/2022
Court: Supreme Court (U.S.)
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsFormer Federal JudgesDownload DocumentDate Filed: 09/29/2022
Court: Supreme Court (U.S.)
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08/26/2022
Petition for Writ of Certiorari
Date Filed: 01/24/2023
Court: Supreme Court (U.S.)
Date Filed: 01/06/2023
Court: Supreme Court (U.S.)
Date Filed: 08/26/2022
Court: Supreme Court (U.S.)
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12/09/2021
Government's Response to the Petition for Rehearing En Banc -
10/29/2021
Plaintiff's Petition for Rehearing En Banc -
09/29/2021
Judgment Order -
09/15/2021
Opinion -
12/24/2020
Supplemental Authority -
09/04/2020
Plaintiff's Reply Brief -
08/07/2020
Defendants' Response Brief -
07/08/2020
Amicus Briefs in Support of Plaintiff -
- Professor Stephen Vladeck
- Network Engineers and Technologists
- Americans for Prosperity Foundation, Brennan Center for Justice, EFF, Electronic Privacy Information Center, Freedomworks Foundation and Tech Freedom
- Evidence Law Professors
- Center for Democracy & Technology and New America's Open Technology Institute
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsProfessor Stephen VladeckDownload DocumentDate Filed: 07/08/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsNetwork Engineers and TechnologistsDownload DocumentDate Filed: 07/08/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsAmericans for Prosperity Foundation, Brennan Center for Justice, EFF, Electronic Privacy Information Center, Freedomworks Foundation and Tech FreedomDownload DocumentDate Filed: 07/08/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsEvidence Law ProfessorsDownload DocumentDate Filed: 07/08/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsCenter for Democracy & Technology and New America's Open Technology InstituteDownload DocumentDate Filed: 07/08/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
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07/01/2020
Plaintiff's Opening Brief -
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07/01/2020
Joint Appendix Vol. 1-3 -
07/01/2020
Joint Appendix Vol. 4-5 -
07/01/2020
Joint Appendix Vol. 6-7
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsJoint Appendix Vol. 1-3Download DocumentDate Filed: 07/01/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsJoint Appendix Vol. 4-5Download DocumentDate Filed: 07/01/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsJoint Appendix Vol. 6-7Download DocumentDate Filed: 07/01/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
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07/01/2020
Date Filed: 12/09/2021
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Date Filed: 10/29/2021
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Date Filed: 09/29/2021
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Date Filed: 09/15/2021
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Date Filed: 12/24/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Date Filed: 09/04/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Date Filed: 08/07/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
Date Filed: 07/01/2020
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) II
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12/16/2019
Opinion -
03/22/2019
Sur-Reply in Support of Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment -
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03/22/2019
Exhibit List -
03/22/2019
Third Declaration of Henning Schulzrinne -
03/22/2019
Second Declaration of Alan J. Salzberg
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit ListDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/22/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsThird Declaration of Henning SchulzrinneDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/22/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsSecond Declaration of Alan J. SalzbergDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/22/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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03/22/2019
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03/08/2019
Sur-Reply Brief in Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment -
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03/08/2019
Second Declaration of Scott Bradner -
03/08/2019
Second Declaration of Jonathon Penney -
03/08/2019
Second Declaration of Michelle Paulson -
03/08/2019
Second Declaration of Tilman Bayer -
03/08/2019
Second Declaration of Emily Temple-Wood
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsSecond Declaration of Scott BradnerDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/08/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsSecond Declaration of Jonathon PenneyDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/08/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsSecond Declaration of Michelle PaulsonDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/08/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsSecond Declaration of Tilman BayerDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/08/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsSecond Declaration of Emily Temple-WoodDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/08/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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03/08/2019
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02/15/2019
Reply Brief in Support of Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment -
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02/15/2019
Exhibit List -
02/15/2019
Second Declaration of Henning Schulzrinne -
02/15/2019
Second Declaration of Alan J. Salzberg -
02/15/2019
Second Declaration of James J. Gilligan -
02/15/2019
Exhibit 9 -
02/15/2019
Exhibit 10 -
02/15/2019
Exhibit 11 -
02/15/2019
Exhibit 12 -
02/15/2019
Exhibit 13 -
02/15/2019
Exhibit 14 -
02/15/2019
Exhibit 15
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit ListDownload DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsSecond Declaration of Henning SchulzrinneDownload DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsSecond Declaration of Alan J. SalzbergDownload DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsSecond Declaration of James J. GilliganDownload DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 9Download DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 10Download DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 11Download DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 12Download DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 13Download DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 14Download DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 15Download DocumentDate Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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02/15/2019
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12/18/2018
Plaintiff's Brief in Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment -
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12/18/2018
Declaration of Scott Bradner -
12/18/2018
Appendix 1 to the Bradner Declaration -
12/18/2018
Appendix 2 to the Bradner Declaration -
12/18/2018
Appendix 3 to the Bradner Declaration -
12/18/2018
Declaration of Jonathon Penney -
12/18/2018
Declaration of Michelle Paulson -
12/18/2018
Declaration of James Alexander -
12/18/2018
Declaration of Tilman Bayer -
12/18/2018
Declaration of Emily Temple-Wood -
12/18/2018
Declaration of Patrick Toomey -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 8 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 8 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 9 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 10 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 11 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 12 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 13 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 14 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 15 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 16 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 17 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 18 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 19 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 20 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 21 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 22 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 23 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 24 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 25 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 26 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 27 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 28 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 29 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 30 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 31 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 32 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 33 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 34 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 35 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 36 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 37 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 38 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 39 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 40 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 41 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 42 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 43 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 44 -
01/23/2019
Exhibit 45
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Scott BradnerDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsAppendix 1 to the Bradner DeclarationDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsAppendix 2 to the Bradner DeclarationDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsAppendix 3 to the Bradner DeclarationDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Jonathon PenneyDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Michelle PaulsonDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of James AlexanderDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Tilman BayerDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Emily Temple-WoodDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Patrick ToomeyDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 8Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 8Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 9Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 10Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 11Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 12Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 13Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 14Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 15Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 16Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 17Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 18Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 19Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 20Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 21Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 22Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 23Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 24Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 25Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 26Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 27Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 28Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 29Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 30Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 31Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 32Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 33Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 34Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 35Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 36Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 37Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 38Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 39Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 40Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 41Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 42Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 43Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 44Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 45Download DocumentDate Filed: 01/23/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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12/18/2018
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12/11/2018
Brief in Support of Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment -
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12/11/2018
Exhibit List -
12/11/2018
Exhibit 1 -
12/11/2018
Exhibit 2 -
12/11/2018
Exhibit 3 -
12/11/2018
Exhibit 4 -
12/11/2018
Exhibit 5
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit ListDownload DocumentDate Filed: 12/11/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 1Download DocumentDate Filed: 12/11/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 2Download DocumentDate Filed: 12/11/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 3Download DocumentDate Filed: 12/11/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 4Download DocumentDate Filed: 12/11/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 5Download DocumentDate Filed: 12/11/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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12/11/2018
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08/20/2018
Order Denying Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery Responses and Deposition Testimony -
08/20/2018
Memorandum Opinion Denying Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery Responses and Deposition Testimony -
07/06/2018
Plaintiff's Supplemental Brief in Response to the Court's June 29, 2018 Order -
07/06/2018
Defendant's Supplemental Brief in Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion to Compel -
06/28/2018
Errata to the Defendant's Memo of Points and Authorities in Opp to Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel Discovery Responses and Deposition Testimony -
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06/28/2018
Corrected Version of Defendants’ Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Opp to Plaintiff's Motion to Compel
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsCorrected Version of Defendants’ Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Opp to Plaintiff's Motion to CompelDownload DocumentDate Filed: 06/28/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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06/28/2018
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05/18/2018
Plaintiff's Reply in Support of Its Motion to Compel -
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05/18/2018
Declaration of Ashley Gorski -
05/18/2018
Exhibit 1 -
05/18/2018
Exhibit 2
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Ashley GorskiDownload DocumentDate Filed: 05/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 1Download DocumentDate Filed: 05/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 2Download DocumentDate Filed: 05/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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05/18/2018
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04/28/2018
Defendant's Motion in Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery Responses and Deposition Testimony -
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04/28/2018
Exhibit A -
04/28/2018
Exhibit B -
04/28/2018
Exhibit C -
04/28/2018
Exhibit D -
04/28/2018
Proposed Order
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit ADownload DocumentDate Filed: 04/28/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit BDownload DocumentDate Filed: 04/28/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit CDownload DocumentDate Filed: 04/28/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit DDownload DocumentDate Filed: 04/28/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsProposed OrderDownload DocumentDate Filed: 04/28/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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04/28/2018
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04/27/2018
Defendant's Notice of Lodging Classified Declaration -
04/18/2018
Plaintiff's Supplement to Motion to Compel -
03/26/2018
Government's Motion to Compel Discovery -
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03/26/2018
Government's Memo of Points and Authorities in Support of its Motion to Compel Discovery -
03/26/2018
Exhibit 1 -
03/26/2018
Exhibit 2 -
03/26/2018
Exhibit 3 -
03/26/2018
Proposed Order
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsGovernment's Memo of Points and Authorities in Support of its Motion to Compel DiscoveryDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 1Download DocumentDate Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 2Download DocumentDate Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 3Download DocumentDate Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsProposed OrderDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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03/26/2018
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03/26/2018
Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery Responses and Deposition Testimony -
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03/26/2018
Plaintiff's Memo of Law in Support of Its Motion to Compel -
03/26/2018
Declaration of Patrick Toomey -
03/26/2018
Exhibit 1 -
03/26/2018
Exhibits 2-30 -
03/26/2018
Proposed Order
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsPlaintiff's Memo of Law in Support of Its Motion to CompelDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Patrick ToomeyDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 1Download DocumentDate Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibits 2-30Download DocumentDate Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsProposed OrderDownload DocumentDate Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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03/26/2018
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12/29/2017
Stipulated Protective Order -
10/16/2017
Defendants' Answer to Plaintiff's First Amended Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief -
10/05/2017
Order Granting 5 Months Discovery -
09/28/2017
Joint Discovery Plan -
09/27/2017
Order re. Joint Plan for Discovery on Jurisdictional Issues -
09/22/2017
Transcript of Proceedings -
09/01/2017
Plaintiff's Reply to Government's Response re. Merits Proceedings -
08/28/2017
Government's Response to Plaintiff's Brief re. Merits Proceedings -
08/11/2017
Plaintiff's Brief in Response to August 2, 2017 Order -
08/02/2017
Order Granting Motion for Status Conference -
07/31/2017
Government's Response to Plaintiff's Motion for a Status Conference -
07/07/2017
Plaintiff's Motion for a Status Conference
Date Filed: 12/16/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 03/22/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 03/08/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 02/15/2019
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 12/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 12/11/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 08/20/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 08/20/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 07/06/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 07/06/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 06/28/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 05/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 04/28/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 04/27/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 04/18/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 03/26/2018
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 12/29/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 10/16/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 10/05/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 09/28/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 09/27/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 09/22/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 09/01/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 08/28/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 08/11/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 08/02/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 07/31/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
Date Filed: 07/07/2017
Court: District Court (D. Md.) II
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07/17/2017
Mandate -
05/23/2017
Judgment -
05/23/2017
Opinion -
10/19/2016
Defendants' Response to Letter of Supplemental Authorities -
10/12/2016
Plaintiffs' Notice of Supplemental Authorities -
06/21/2016
Amicus Briefs -
- Law Professors
- Electronic Frontier Foundation
- Computer Scientists and Technologists
- First Amendment Legal Scholars
- U.S. Justice Foundation, et al.
- The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, et al.
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsLaw ProfessorsDownload DocumentDate Filed: 02/24/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsElectronic Frontier FoundationDownload DocumentDate Filed: 02/24/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsComputer Scientists and TechnologistsDownload DocumentDate Filed: 02/24/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsFirst Amendment Legal ScholarsDownload DocumentDate Filed: 02/24/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsU.S. Justice Foundation, et al.Download DocumentDate Filed: 02/24/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsThe Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, et al.Download DocumentDate Filed: 02/24/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
-
05/06/2016
Plaintiffs' Reply Brief -
04/11/2016
Defendants' Response Brief -
02/17/2016
Plaintiffs' Opening Brief -
02/17/2016
Joint Appendix
Date Filed: 07/17/2017
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Date Filed: 05/23/2017
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Date Filed: 05/23/2017
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Date Filed: 10/19/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Date Filed: 10/12/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Date Filed: 05/06/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Date Filed: 04/11/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Date Filed: 02/17/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
Date Filed: 02/17/2016
Court: Appeals Court (4th Cir.) I
-
12/18/2015
U.S. Court of Appeals Case Number -
12/15/2015
Notice of Appeal -
10/23/2015
Order Granting Government's Motion to Dismiss -
10/23/2015
D. Md. Opinion -
09/25/2015
Oral Argument Transcript -
09/17/2015
Gov't Reply in Support of Motion to Dismiss First Amended Complaint -
-
09/17/2015
Exhibit 1
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 1Download DocumentDate Filed: 09/17/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
-
09/17/2015
-
09/03/2015
Plaintiffs' Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Defendants' Motion to Dismiss -
09/03/2015
Amicus Briefs in Support of Plaintiffs -
- First Amendment Legal Scholars
- Am. Booksellers Ass'n et al
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsFirst Amendment Legal ScholarsDownload DocumentDate Filed: 09/03/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsAm. Booksellers Ass'n et alDownload DocumentDate Filed: 09/03/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
-
08/06/2015
Defendants' Renewed MTD -
-
08/06/2015
Declaration of Dr. Alan Salzberg -
08/06/2015
Declaration of Robert T. Lee - Part I -
08/06/2015
Declaration of Robert T. Lee - Part II -
08/06/2015
Declaration of Robert T. Lee - Part III -
08/06/2015
Declaration of Robert T. Lee - Part IV -
08/06/2015
Declaration of Robert T. Lee - Part V -
08/06/2015
Defendants' Exhibit I to MTD -
08/06/2015
Defendants' Exhibit II to MTD -
08/06/2015
Defendants' Exhibit III to MTD -
08/06/2015
Defendants' Exhibit IV to MTD -
08/06/2015
Defendants' Exhibit V to MTD -
08/06/2015
Defendants' Exhibit VI to MTD -
08/06/2015
Defendants' Exhibit VII to MTD -
08/06/2015
Defendants' Exhibit VIII to MTD -
08/06/2015
Defendants' Exhibit IX to MTD -
08/06/2015
Index of Exhibits
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Dr. Alan SalzbergDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Robert T. Lee - Part IDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Robert T. Lee - Part IIDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Robert T. Lee - Part IIIDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Robert T. Lee - Part IVDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDeclaration of Robert T. Lee - Part VDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDefendants' Exhibit I to MTDDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDefendants' Exhibit II to MTDDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDefendants' Exhibit III to MTDDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDefendants' Exhibit IV to MTDDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDefendants' Exhibit V to MTDDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDefendants' Exhibit VI to MTDDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDefendants' Exhibit VII to MTDDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDefendants' Exhibit VIII to MTDDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsDefendants' Exhibit IX to MTDDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsIndex of ExhibitsDownload DocumentDate Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
-
08/06/2015
-
06/22/2015
First Amended Complaint -
06/22/2015
Order Granting Plaintiffs' Motion to Amend Complaint -
06/19/2015
Plaintiffs' Motion to Amend Complaint -
06/12/2015
Order Amending the Briefing Schedule -
06/12/2015
Order Postponing Oral Argument to September 4, 2015 -
06/12/2015
Joint Motion to Amend the Briefing Schedule -
05/29/2015
Defendants' Motion to Dismiss (MTD) -
-
05/29/2015
Index of Exhibits -
05/29/2015
Exhibit 1 -
05/29/2015
Exhibit 2 -
05/29/2015
Exhibit 3 -
05/29/2015
Exhibit 4A
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsIndex of ExhibitsDownload DocumentDate Filed: 05/29/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 1Download DocumentDate Filed: 05/29/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 2Download DocumentDate Filed: 05/29/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 3Download DocumentDate Filed: 05/29/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream SurveillanceLegal DocumentsExhibit 4ADownload DocumentDate Filed: 05/29/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
-
05/29/2015
Date Filed: 12/18/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 12/15/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 10/23/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 10/23/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 09/25/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 09/17/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 09/03/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 08/06/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 06/22/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 06/22/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 06/19/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 06/12/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 06/12/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 06/12/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I
Date Filed: 05/29/2015
Court: District Court (D. Md.) I